Job Demands, Job Resources, and Well-being in Police Officers - a Resource-Oriented Approach

This study examined the association between job characteristics, namely job demands and job resources, and mental health outcomes in terms of emotional exhaustion and well-being among police officers. Eight hundred forty-three German police officers participated in a cross-sectional online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the validity of the dual process model of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework in the context of police work. Job demands (verbal assaults by citizens, workload, and administrative stressors) predicted emotional exhaustion whereas job resources (team support, shared values, and perceived fairness) predicted well-being. Moreover, job resources were directly and negatively associated with emotional exhaustion. The findings confirm the capacity of job resources to simultaneously promote well-being and reduce emotional exhaustion. Work place interventions should thus not merely decrease job demands. To improve and protect police officers’ well-being, it is advisable to promote job resources. A supportive and fair organizational climate based on shared values is required to foster mental health in the context of police work

Strong-field physics with mid-IR fields

Strong-field physics is currently experiencing a shift towards the use of mid-IR driving wavelengths. This is because they permit conducting experiments unambiguously in the quasi-static regime and enable exploiting the effects related to ponderomotive scaling of electron recollisions. Initial measurements taken in the mid-IR immediately led to a deeper understanding of photo-ionization and allowed a discrimination amongst different theoretical models. Ponderomotive scaling of rescattering has enabled new avenues towards time resolved probing of molecular structure. Essential for this paradigm shift was the convergence of two experimental tools: 1) intense mid-IR sources that can create high energy photons and electrons while operating within the quasi-static regime, and 2) detection systems that can detect the generated high energy particles and image the entire momentum space of the interaction in full coincidence. Here we present a unique combination of these two essential ingredients, namely a 160\~kHz mid-IR source and a reaction microscope detection system, to present an experimental methodology that provides an unprecedented three-dimensional view of strong-field interactions. The system is capable of generating and detecting electron energies that span a six order of magnitude dynamic range. We demonstrate the versatility of the system by investigating electron recollisions, the core process that drives strong-field phenomena, at both low (meV) and high (hundreds of eV) energies. The low energy region is used to investigate recently discovered low-energy structures, while the high energy electrons are used to probe atomic structure via laser-induced electron diffraction. Moreover we present, for the first time, the correlated momentum distribution of electrons from non-sequential double-ionization driven by mid-IR pulses.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure

Kinematically complete measurements of strong eld ionisation with mid-IR pulses

Recent observations of three unique peaks near 1 eV, 100 meV and 1 meV in the electron spectra generated by ionization using intense mid-IR pulses have challenged the current understanding of strong-field (SF) ionization. The results came as a surprise as they could not be reproduced by the standard version of the commonly used SF approximation. We present results showing the simultaneous measurement of all three low energy ranges at high resolution. This capability is possible due to a unique experimental combination of a high repetition rate mid-IR source, which allows probing deep in the quasi-static regime at high data rates, with a reaction microscope, which allows high resolution three dimensional imaging of the electron momentum distribution.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Imaging an aligned polyatomic molecule with laser-induced electron diffraction

Laser-induced electron diffraction is an evolving tabletop method, which aims to image ultrafast structural changes in gas-phase polyatomic molecules with sub-{\AA}ngstr\"om spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. Here, we provide the general foundation for the retrieval of multiple bond lengths from a polyatomic molecule by simultaneously measuring the C-C and C-H bond lengths in aligned acetylene. Our approach takes the method beyond the hitherto achieved imaging of simple diatomic molecules and is based upon the combination of a 160 kHz mid-IR few-cycle laser source with full three-dimensional electron-ion coincidence detection. Our technique provides an accessible and robust route towards imaging ultrafast processes in complex gas phase molecules with atto- to femto-second temporal resolution.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Manual zum Workshop

Polizeivollzugsbeamte (PVB) sind im Arbeitskontext regelmäßig mit Anfeindungen wie Beleidigungen, Beschimpfungen und Bedrohungen durch Bürger konfrontiert. Um den PVB einen hilfreichen Umgang mit diesen belastenden aber schwer zu verändernden Arbeitsbedingungen zu ermöglichen, wurde der Workshop „Mental stark im Umgang mit schwierigen Bürgern“ konzipiert. Der Workshop richtet sich an alle PVB, die in direktem Kontakt mit Bürgern arbeiten. Zum einen werden Informationen und Wissen zu Stressbewältigung und Emotionsarbeit im Workshop vermittelt, zum anderen werden die PVB zu einer prozessorientierten Entwicklung von konkreten mentalen Strategien im Umgang mit individuell problematischen Situationen in Bürgerkontakten angeleitet. Das Manual zu dem Mitarbeiterworkshop wendet sich an alle, die im Aus- und Fortbildungsbereich der Polizei arbeiten, wie Psychologen oder Verhaltenstrainer. Es liefert Hintergrundwissen zu den Themen Stress- und Stressbewältigung sowie zu Emotionsarbeit. Neben Erläuterungen zu emotions- und handlungsbezogenen Bewältigungsstrategien werden die Anforderungen und Möglichkeiten der Kontrolle über den Emotionsausdruck gegenüber Bürgern betrachtet. Darüber hinaus beinhaltet das Manual konkrete Anleitungen zur Gestaltung des Workshops (Präsentationsfolien inklusive Notizen zur Erläuterung). Ziel des Workshops ist es, die PVB durch die praktische Anwendung der vermittelten Inhalte darin zu unterstützen, ihre Stressbelastung zu reduzieren und ihre Emotionsregulation im Umgang mit schwierigen Bürgern zu verbessern. In der bisherigen Workshop-Evaluation zeigten sich die befragen PVB insgesamt sehr zufrieden mit den durchgeführten Workshops und schätzten die Workshop-Inhalte als nützlich für ihre Tätigkeit als PVB ein

Polyatomic Molecular Structure Retrieval using Laser-Induced Electron Diffraction

Laser-induced electron diffraction is a developing dynamical imaging technique that is already able to probe molecular dynamics at few-femtosecond temporal resolutions and has the potential to reach the sub-femtosecond level. Here we provide the recipe for the extension of the technique to polyatomic molecules and we demonstrate the method by extracting the structure of aligned and anti-aligned acetylene (C₂H₂). We show that multiple bond lengths can be simultaneously imaged at high accuracy including elusive hydrogen containing bonds. Our results open the door to the investigation of larger complex molecules and the realization of a true molecular movie

Polyatomic Molecular Structure Retrieval using Laser-Induced Electron Diffraction

Laser-induced electron diffraction is a developing dynamical imaging technique that is already able to probe molecular dynamics at few-femtosecond temporal resolutions and has the potential to reach the sub-femtosecond level. Here we provide the recipe for the extension of the technique to polyatomic molecules and we demonstrate the method by extracting the structure of aligned and anti-aligned acetylene (C₂H₂). We show that multiple bond lengths can be simultaneously imaged at high accuracy including elusive hydrogen containing bonds. Our results open the door to the investigation of larger complex molecules and the realization of a true molecular movie

Local immune cell contributions to fracture healing in aged individuals – A novel role for interleukin 22

Aging: immune protein's role in delayed bone fracture healing Neutralizing a key cytokine, a signaling protein affecting the immune system could rejuvenate the healing process following prolonged inflammatory responses to bone fractures in elderly patients. Healing patterns vary widely in the elderly following injuries such as bone fractures, and scientists now believe that a patient's individual innate and adaptive immune profile directly affects the healing process. A short-lived pro-inflammatory response is needed to kickstart healthy healing, but a longer-lasting response can be damaging. In experiments on aged mouse models, the team led by Katharina Schmidt-Bleek at the Julius Wolff Institute in Berlin, Germany, demonstrated that high levels of the cytokine interleukin-22 impaired bone regeneration. Elevated interleukin-22 levels resulted from chronically elevated inflammation and inflammaging, prevalent in elderly patients. The team treated the mice to neutralize interleukin-22, which accelerated the healing process. With increasing age, the risk of bone fractures increases while regenerative capacity decreases. This variation in healing potential appears to be linked to adaptive immunity, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. This study sheds light on immunoaging/inflammaging, which impacts regenerative processes in aging individuals. In an aged preclinical model system, different levels of immunoaging were analyzed to identify key factors that connect immunoaged/inflammaged conditions with bone formation after long bone fracture. Immunological facets, progenitor cells, the microbiome, and confounders were monitored locally at the injury site and systemically in relation to healing outcomes in 12-month-old mice with distinct individual levels of immunoaging. Bone tissue formation during healing was delayed in the immunoaged group and could be associated with significant changes in cytokine levels. A prolonged and amplified pro-inflammatory reaction was caused by upregulated immune cell activation markers, increased chemokine receptor availability and a lack of inhibitory signaling. In immunoaged mice, interleukin-22 was identified as a core cell signaling protein that played a central role in delayed healing. Therapeutic neutralization of IL-22 reversed this specific immunoaging-related disturbed healing. Immunoaging was found to be an influencing factor of decreased regenerative capacity in aged individuals. Furthermore, a novel therapeutic strategy of neutralizing IL-22 may successfully rejuvenate healing in individuals with advanced immune experiences

The ERA2 facility: towards application of a fiber-based astronomical spectrograph for imaging spectroscopy in life sciences

Astronomical instrumentation is most of the time faced with challenging requirements in terms of sensitivity, stability, complexity, etc., and therefore leads to high performance developments that at first sight appear to be suitable only for the specific design application at the telescope. However, their usefulness in other disciplines and for other applications is not excluded. The ERA2 facility is a lab demonstrator, based on a high-performance astronomical spectrograph, which is intended to explore the innovation potential of fiber-coupled multi-channel spectroscopy for spatially resolved spectroscopy in life science, material sciences, and other areas of research.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, SPIE Conference "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2012, Amsterda